Ok, so this is WAY overdue. Like almost six months overdue. This event was actually held at the end of January, which is National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month. I kept meaning to type these notes and post them, but it just kept getting moved to the back burner.
However, that is in no way a reflection of Tapestri‘s event. This is the second year I’ve attended, and I absolutely plan to go back if they offer it again in 2019. This organization is doing tremendous work here in Atlanta, and throughout Georgia, and I’m grateful for them. And, it’s hard to believe, but this is actually a FREE event!
If you’re in the Atlanta area and care about this issue, be sure to join Tapestri’s email list so you can find out about any future events!
And, now, here are my notes:
- Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) overview by Alpa Amin of GAIN, Ambassador Susan Coppedge, Alia El-Sawi of ICE and HSI
- They’re now trying to get moe steep penalties and victim services.
- It’s up for reauthorization again this year.
- 14 government agencies deal with the issue of trafficking.
- There is a Survivor Advisory Council that was appointed by Obama.
- New laws are trying to keep products made with slave labor out of the country.
- Georgia Asylum and Immigration Network (GAIN) info presented by Alpa Amin
- GAIN helps people get T-Visas and legal help for foreign-born people.
- T-Visa requirements:
- Victim of severe harm
- Present in US due to trafficking
- Would suffer if returned home
- Age requirement for T-Visa has increased, which is a good thing
- Less evidence is now needed to prove status, which is also good
- Transportation is not required, though it is called “trafficking”
- Continued presence: If someone is VIEWED (meaning potential) as a victim, this is a form of parole that lasts for two years.
- Allows them to live and work here
- Helps establish rapport with victim
- Victim-centered approach
- Stepping stone to receive T-Visa
- Gets person a driver’s license and social security card
- Allows for access to resources
- Don’t need a successful court case for continued presence or T-Visa, only cooperation
- Tapestri presentation by Gabriela Leon of Tapestri
- Works with foreign-born victims
- Most people do not self-identify as victims, and foreign-born people may not even know that term.
- Our stricter laws and rhetoric toward victims and immigrants only serves to reinforce traffickers words to victims.
- Most cases are domestic, but they are also more likely to report because they likely know their rights better.
- Here in Georgia, most foreign-born victims are from Mexico and Central America.
- There should be a PR campaign to fight the perception that victims of crimes will be punished.
- Additional resources:
- Know Your Rights campaign
- Kids in Need of Defense
- One Billion Rising
- Human Trafficking Hotline – online trainings
- SOAR online training for medical professionals
- Health Consequences of Trafficking presentation by Dr. Jordan Greenbaum of the Stephanie Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
- Risk factors:
- Child
- Female
- Missing
- No skills
- Prior victimization
- Marginalized
- Cognitive delays
- Homeless
- Drug/alcohol abuse
- Family secrecy
- Violence/abuse
- Poor
- Corrupt legal system
- High tourism area
- Social intolerance
- Economic disparity
- Migration
- Cultural beliefs
- Social upheaval
- Stigma
- Labor trafficking in the US often involves these industries/professions:
- Agriculture
- Hospitality (ex: hotel or restaurant worker)
- Manufacturing
- Domestic service
- Janatorial
- Construction
- Landscaping
- Nail salons
- Massage parlor
- Textiles
- Fishing
- Most reported cases are foreigners being brought into the US, which is the opposite of sex trafficking.
- Health consequences of labor trafficking:
- Untreated chronic medical consitions
- Work-related injuries
- Exposure to chemicals
- Weight loss
- Infection
- Breathing
- Consequences of sexual assault (47% of victims had STD’s)
- Violence
- PTSD
- Mental issues
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Victims are also often forced to commit crimes for compliance.
- Consequences of sex trafficking:
- Drug and alcohol abuse
- Chronic pain
- Mental issues (depression, PTSD, suicidal)
- Malnutrition
- Work-related injuries
- Sexual violence
- Pregnancy, abortion
- 88% of domestic victims saw health care professionals while this was happening!
- Challenges to identifying:
- Don’t self-identify
- Reluctant to disclose
- Few clinically-validated quick screening tools
- Threats
- Speak using “trauma-informed” care approach
- Minimizes re-trauma
- Ensures safety (in all forms)
- Treat victim with respect (explain what you want to do)
- Only ask questions you need to know
- Ask about mental health
- Respect authonomy
- Be transparent
- Listen, explain, negotiate
- Make appropriate referrals
- Ask their opinions
- Risk factors:
- FBI presentation by Mary Jo Mangrum and Jennifer Towns
- Has seen an increase in cases in the last decade, but likely because more people are reporting.
- Polaris presentation on illicit massage parlors by Eliza Carmen
- New 2018 report
- Over 9,000 known in the US
- $2.5 BILLION business
- Majority of victims are from Southeast Asia
- Average age is 35-55
- 37-45% of ads for massage parlor work were illegal
- Why don’t victims leave?
- Fear of law enforcement
- Debt
- Fear of deportation (may be unsafe to return home)
- Shame
- Threats to themselves or family
- Cultural coercion
- Only 12% of cities have laws to enforce against illegal massage parlors
- Usually licenses for therapists only, not the business itself
- If you see a ILM, report to Polaris via phone, email, or online. Reports can be anonymous.
- New 2018 report
- Working with Foreign National Minors presentation by Mersada Mujkanovic of Tapestri, Yamile Morales of Tapestri, and Christina Iturralde Thomas of KIND
- Much the same tactics as adults, but kids are more naive and vulnerable.
- Sports are also used as a tactic. Recruiting for traveling teams or initial building of relationships.
- Victims under 18 do not have to comply or be helpful to gain status or benefits.
- There is a specific refugee foster care program.
- The designation of unaccompanied minor affords some protection, but they must also soon after defend themselves from deportation.
- Common asylum fact patterns for children:
- Severe child abuse
- Resistance to or witness to gang activity
- Family claims (ex: land disputes)
- Domestic violence (including gang-related)
- You do not get a court-appointed lawyer for immigration court, unlike criminal law, which again is harmful in them not knowing and understanding their rights.
- Much the same tactics as adults, but kids are more naive and vulnerable.